Flux machine

ABSTRACT

A flux machine has plural coil assemblies and plural magnet sets arranged in mutual close proximity and circularly about a central axis. Either one of the coil assemblies and the magnet sets are supported by at least one axle which is aligned with the central axis, and either one of the coil assemblies and magnet sets executes rotary motion about the central axis when electrical current is present in the coil assemblies. Magnetic flux of the magnet sets is directed axially and radially while machine rotation is orthogonal to the direction of flux. A plurality of magnets in each magnet set are supported by one or another of a plurality of coaxially aligned axles so that the flux machine may operate as an electrical motor, as an electrical generator, or both at the same time.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to rotating electromagnetic motors andgenerators.

BACKGROUND ART

Magnet transverse flux machines conduct magnetic flux perpendicular(transverse) to the current in the coil and can produce higher torquedensity than standard brushless machines with longitudinal flux. Suchmachines have high power density and can be used both as motors andgenerators. Torque increases with the number of poles at a constantstator current. Due to the high number of poles in a transverse fluxmachines, the frequency of electric current in stator windings is highwhile shaft speed is low. Such machines have a three dimensionalmagnetic circuit which has traditionally made fabrication and assemblyof stator and rotor components difficult. Prior art methods ofmanufacturing the magnetic circuits require the formation of individualU-shaped magnetic circuits. For example, a U-shaped magnetic circuit maybe comprised of a plurality of individual U-shaped laminations stackedtogether. Assembly of such machines then requires the correct placement,alignment and spacing of each U-shaped magnetic circuit. Another methodknown in the prior art is to construct two 3D stacks, each having onehalf of every magnetic circuit as a series of L-shaped protrusions. Whenjoined together around the coil, the magnetic circuits are completed inthe U-shape. This method requires the construction of a stack with acomplex three-dimensional shape and requires precise rotationalalignment of the stacks to properly form the magnetic circuit. Thepresent flux machine described herein is simple to manufacture andassemble, is compact and has other novel and highly beneficial aspects.The prior art relevant to the present disclosure is included in thefollowing table and incorporated herein by reference:

Filing Publication Cited Patent date date Applicant Title U.S. Pat. No.4,973,868 Jul. 28, Nov. 27, 1990 J. M. Voith Electrical machine 1989Gmbh with permanent magnet excitation U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,641 Feb. 5,Sep. 24, 1991 J. M. Voith Transversal flow 1988 Gmbh machine inaccumulator arrangement U.S. Pat. No. 5,117,142 Jan. 30, May 26, 1992501 Ibk Ab Permanent magnetized 1991 synchronous machine designedaccording to the transverse flux principle U.S. Pat. No. 5,289,072 Oct.15, Feb. 22, 1994 J. M. Voith Electrical machine 1991 Gmbh U.S. Pat. No.5,543,674 Jun. 28, Aug. 6, 1996 Radio Energie Dynamoelectric 1991machine composed of sectors having transverse fluxes U.S. Pat. No.5,777,418 Jun. 17, Jul. 7, 1998 Voith Turbo Transverse flux motor 1996Gmbh with magnetic floor gap U.S. Pat. No. 5,942,828 Jun. 23, Aug. 24,1999 Hill; Wolfgang Transverse flux 1997 machine U.S. Pat. No. 5,973,436Jul. 30, Oct. 26, 1999 Rolls-Royce Electrical machine 1997 PowerEngineering Plc U.S. Pat. No. 6,043,579 Jan. 6, Mar. 28, 2000 Hill;Wolfgang Permanently excited 1998 transverse flux machine U.S. Pat. No.6,492,758 Nov. 1, Dec. 10, 2002 Fisher & Polyphase transverse 2000Paykel Limited flux motor U.S. Pat. No. 6,700,267 Jan. 75, Mar. 2, 2004Deere & Transverse flux drive 2002 Company U.S. Pat. No. 6,729,140 Jan.30, May 4, 2004 Rolls-Royce Electrical machine 2002 Plc U.S. Pat. No.6,741,010 Jan. 8, May 25, 2004 Rolls Royce Rotor disc assembly 2001 Plchaving rotor rim with alternate magnets and laminated pole pieces U.S.Pat. No. 6,847,135 Dec. 11, Jan. 25, 2005 Robert Bosch Unipolartransverse 2002 Gmbh flux machine U.S. Pat. No. 6,888,272 Aug. 1, May 3,2005 Robert Bosch Unipolar transverse 2002 Gmbh magnetic flux machineU.S. Pat. No. 6,952,068* Dec. 18, Oct. 4, 2005 Otis Elevator Fabricatedcomponents 2000 Company of transverse flux electric motors U.S. Pat. No.7,030,529 Jan. 29, Apr. 18, 2006 Robert Bosch Electrical machines, 2003Gmbh especially engines excited by permanent magnets U.S. Pat. No.7,124,495 May 31, Oct. 24, 2006 Otis Elevator Method for making an 2005Company electric motor U.S. Pat. No. 7,164,220* May 12, Jan. 16, 2007Rolls-Royce Stator pole structure 2005 Plc for an electrical machineU.S. Pat. No. 7,312,549 May 8, Dec. 25, 2007 Aalborg Transverse flux2002 Universitet machine with stator made of e-shaped laminates U.S.Pat. No. 7,466,058 Jun. 28, Dec. 16, 2008 Eocycle Transverse flux 2006Technologies, electrical machine with Inc. segmented core stator U.S.Pat. No. 7,492,074 Mar. 30, Feb. 17, 2009 Norman High-efficiency wheel-2007 Rittenhouse motor utilizing molded magnetic, flux channels withtransverse-flux stator U.S. Pat. No. 7,579,742 Jan. 17, Aug. 25, 2009Norman High-efficiency 2008 Rittenhouse parallel-pole molded- magneticflux channels transverse wound motor-dynamo US20010008356 Jan. 8, Jul.19, 2001 Wilkin Rotor disc 2001 Geoffrey A US20040155548 May 8, Aug. 12,2004 Rasmussen Transverse flux 2002 Peter Omand machine with stator madeof c-shaped laminates US20040251759 Jun. 9, Dec. 16, 2004 Hirzel AndrewD. Radial airgap. 2004 transverse flux motor US20060192453 May 27, Aug.31, 2006 Gieras Jacek F Modular transverse 2003 flux motor withintegrated brake US20070216249 Apr. 28, Sep. 20, 2007 Mtu AeroTransverse flux 2006 Engines Gmbh machine and turbine- type machinehaving such a transverse flux machine US20070267929 May 11, Nov. 22,2007 Minebea Co., Stator arrangement and 2007 Ltd. rotor arrangement fora transverse flux machine US20080136272 Dec. 5, Jun. 12, 2008 ToshioRotating electrical 2007 Ishikawa machine US20080211326 Dec. 28, Sep. 4,2008 Korea Electro Inner rotor type 2007 Technology permanent magnetResearch excited transverse flux Institute motor US20080246362 May 21,Oct. 9, 2008 Hirzel Andrew D Radial airgap. 2008 transverse flux machineUS20090026869 Jul. 16, Jan. 29, 2009 Christian Transverse flux 2008Kaehler reluctance machine and method for manufacturing sameUS20090108712 Jul. 25, Apr. 30, 2009 Holtzapple Short-flux path motors/2008 Mark T generators DE10037787A1 Aug. 3, Mar. 14, 2002 LandertPermanent magnet 2000 Motoren Ag excited synchronous machine e.g.general purpose drive motors, has external rotor design with externalrotor joined rotationally-rigldly to rotatable shaft, around common axisWO2006117210A1 May 4, Nov. 9, 2006 Bosch Rexroth Phase module for a 2006Ag transverse flux motor WO2007000054A1 Jun. 26, Jan. 4, 2007 Maxime RTransverse flux 2006 Dubois electrical machine with segmented corestator WO2009070333A1 Nov. 28, Jun. 4, 2009 Norman P Wind turbinegenerator 2008 Rittenhouse

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The drawings illustrate a novel electromagnetic rotating flux machine 10having manufacturing and operational advantages with respect to theprior art. For example, flux density is relatively high, and the polenumber may be increased without reducing magnetomotive force per pole,enabling higher power densities. Further advantages include a largenumber of poles with relatively short current pathways enablingefficiency gains due to a high torque/weight ratio, a high power/weightratio and relatively low copper losses.

An arrangement of coils and magnets has been developed with magneticflux directed from four or more directions coupled into coil assemblies.For instance, there may be two magnets that are oriented with polesfacing for directing magnetic flux in a radial direction from oppositesides of the coils, and two additional magnets that are oriented withpoles facing axially, to direct flux axially from opposite sides of thecoils. Additionally, the coils may be oriented so that the windings andcurrent within those windings flows in a plane that is perpendicular toa vector pointing in an established circumferential direction of motionof a rotor of the flux machine.

Thus, the magnets may be adjacent to different sides of the coils butand all magnetic flux circuits combine additively.

With the magnets (electromagnets or permanent magnets, or a combinationof the two) mounted on independent rotors and axels as described herein,they may be operated independently at different frequencies and/or as amotor and generator independently and simultaneously. These innovationsare possible given the orientation of the coils that sit in a plane thatis perpendicular to the rotational axis of the machine. Rotation causesa relative motion between magnets and coils with the magnets and coilsclose coupled with a minimum air gap therebetween.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the described machine are illustrated by way of examplein the figures of the accompanying drawing sheets, in which likereferences indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a flux machine according to thefollowing detailed description;

FIG. 2 is a perspective expanded view thereof;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an outer rotor-magnet assembly of anembodiment thereof;

FIG. 4 is an elevation view of a stator plate of an embodiment thereof;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an exemplary coil assembly and magnetsthereof;

FIGS. 6-8 are exemplary conceptual diagrams of arrangements of said coilassemblies, magnets, supporting frames with axles; and

FIG. 9 is an exemplary mechanical schematic diagram of a further arranges in FIGS. 6-8.

BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows that machine 10 may be generally circular in shape andrelatively short axially between shroud 30 and flywheel housing 170providing space and weight savings. Electrical connections to machine 10may be made via a standard connection box 20 and mechanical engagementmay be made via one or more coaxial shafts aligned with central axis 5as shown in the FIGS. 6-9.

FIG. 2 illustrates several components and sub-assemblies of machine 10according to embodiments, showing their relative axial positions. Movingfrom left to right in FIG. 2, shown are: shroud 30, outer rotor-magnetassembly 40, fan 60, inner rotor-magnet assembly 70, stator assembly 100with coil assemblies 120, rotor hub 150, flywheel 160, and flywheelhousing 170. These components are aligned about common axis 5 which isalso the center of rotation of machine 10. In embodiments, outerrotor-magnet assembly 40, fan 60, inner rotor-magnet assembly 70, rotorhub 150, and flywheel 160 may be mutually joined mechanically andtherefore may rotate together. In other embodiments some of theseelements and other elements may be adapted for independent rotationabout coaxial shafts as will be discussed and shown. In embodimentsshroud 30, stator assembly 100 and flywheel housing 170 may not rotate,may be mutually mechanically joined, and may be fixed in place as astator. In other embodiments stator assembly 100 may be mounted forrotation about a central axle with each of the winding phases connectedvia a standard rotary electrical interface, such as those commonly foundin slip ring motors. Assembly 100 would therefore function as the rotorof machine 10 while outer rotor-magnet assembly 40 and innerrotor-magnet assembly 70 may function as the stator of machine 10. Thoseof skill would understand how to make this simple adaptation.

As exemplified in FIG. 3 the sets of axially aligned magnets 46 andradially aligned magnets 47 may be held in circular fixed positions aspart of an outer rotor assembly 40 attached to a single axle.Alternately, magnets 46, 47 may be secured to one or more axiallyaligned axles by distinct mechanical frames as shown in FIGS. 6-9.

FIG. 4 illustrates circular plate 110 of stator assembly 100 which mayhave central circular opening 112 large enough in diameter to acceptouter flange 74 of assembly 70 (FIG. 2). As shown in FIGS. 6-8, mountingstandoffs 114 or similar hardware may be used to secure coil assemblies120 to plate 110. In FIGS. 6-8, fasteners, shown as hidden lines 115 maybe used to secure coil assembly 120 to standoffs 114.

FIG. 5 shows that coil assembly 120 may be rectangular, nearrectangular, curvilinear, ovular, or other shapes. Electrical coil 121may be made of wound flat, round or other shaped electrical conductorssuch as electrical copper or aluminum strip, and may be placed withincore stack 122. Core stack 122 may be of soft iron, laminated siliconsteel, insulated iron sheets, carbonyl iron, iron powder, ferrite,vitreous metal or other materials and structures. In embodiments, coilassembly 120 may be ovular, rectangular, circular or other suitableshapes. A full complement of mounted coil assemblies 120 are shown inFIG. 2 secured to standoffs 114. In FIG. 5, magnets 46, 47, and 76 areshown as close coupled to core stack 122. The direction of lines ofmagnetic flux Φ (the primary or largest component of the magnet flux foreach magnet) are shown by arrows. It is noted that in FIG. 5 no magnetis positioned along the right edge of coil assembly 120. It should berealized that magnets 46, 47, 76, (and 77 as shown in FIG. 6) arepositioned immediately adjacent to the sides of coil assembly 120 formaximizing magnetic flux linkage and assuring low reluctance. Any or allof magnets 46, 47, 76 or 77 may be permanent magnets or electromagnets,with all magnets directly attached to axles utilizing slip ring or otherrotary electrical interfaces as are known in the electromechanical arts.Although the side edges of coil assemblies 120 are shown linear in FIGS.5-9 these edges may be non-linear and the adjacent surfaces of magnets46, 47, 76, and 77 may conform so that air gaps between magnets and coilassemblies are minimized. Therefore, coil assemblies 120 may be otherthan rectangular as those of skill in the electrical arts willappreciate. As shown in referenced applications U.S. 62/028,220, andU.S. 62/028,235 more than three magnets may be arranged so as to beclose coupled with coil assemblies 120 during machine rotation.

FIG. 6 shows that a structural frame 44 may extend around four sides ofcoil assemblies 120 and may secure magnets 46, 47, 76 and 77 in closecoupled positions. Structural frame 44 may extend as a continuouscircular assembly, or may be arranged as a series of radial spokesarranged over 360 degrees and may comprise one (or more or less) saidspoke 44 for each coil assembly 120. Frame 44 may be fixed to axle 80which is aligned with central axis 5. As axle 80 is rotated, by anexternal motor for instance, all of the sets of magnets 46, 47, 76, and77 pass coil assemblies 120 producing a Faraday current. FIG. 6illustrates a single axle machine 10.

FIG. 7 shows that structural frame 44 may extend around two sides of anyone of coil assemblies 120 and may secure magnets 46 and 47 in preferredpositions, close coupled to two sides, in turn, of each one of coilassemblies 120 during rotation. As with the arrangement shown in FIG. 6,frames 44 may be secured to axle 80 as shown. A further structural frame74 may extend around the remaining two sides of coil assemblies 120 andmay secure magnets 76 and 77 in place close coupled to coil assemblies120 and may be secured to axle 82 as shown. Axles 80 and 82 may becoaxially aligned and may be mutually free in rotation. In both motorand generator operation, depending on magnet polarity the axles mayrotate in the same or opposite senses. In motor operation the axles willboth rotate at the same rpm, while in generator mode the axle may rotateat different rpms as long as electrical phase synchrony is maintained.It is possible for one driven axle to function in generator mode addinga supplementary current to inlet current at input lines 130, while thesecond axle functions in motor mode driven by the total of input andsupplementary currents. FIG. 7 illustrates a dual axle machine 10.

FIG. 8 shows that three structural frames 44, 72, and 74 may securemagnets 46, 47, 72, 77A and 77B. In this arrangement magnet 77 isreplaced by two magnets 77A and 77B as shown. Frames 44, 72, and 74 maybe secured to coaxial axles 80, 82 and 84 as shown. In both motor andgenerator operation, depending on magnet polarity the axles may rotatein the same or sense or not. In motor operation the axles will allrotate at the same rpm, while in generator mode the axle may rotate atdifferent rpms as long as electrical phase synchrony is maintained. Itis possible for a driven axle to function in generator mode adding asupplementary current to inlet current at input lines 130, while anotheraxle functions in motor mode driven by the total of input andsupplementary currents. Of course all axles may be driven by differentrotational drivers and may deliver rotational forces to different loads.It should be clear that each magnet 46, 47, and 76 may be replaced bymultiple magnets in the manner of magnet 77 being replaced by magnets77A and 77B. FIG. 8 illustrates a triple axle machine 10.

FIG. 9 illustrates a four axle machine, axles 82, 84, 86, and 88,wherein four magnets 46, 47, 76, and 77 may be mounted by frames 44, 72,74, and 78 to one of the four axles. In like manner if each one ofmagnets 46, 47, 76, and 77 were to be replaced by two magnets as shownin FIG. 8, all eight magnets can be supported by eight coaxial axles andmachine 10 can be used to drive eight separate rotational loads. FIG. 9illustrates a quad-axle machine 10.

For coaxial integration and operation all said axles except the innermost axle, can be tubular as shown in FIGS. 6-9 and may include toroidalbearings to maintain their mutual coaxial positions and spacing whilepreserving rotational independents as is known in the mechanical arts.The outermost of the coaxial axles, for instance axle 88 in FIG. 9, maybe supported by exterior bearing sets so as to secure all of the axlesin their position centered on axis 5 as is also well known.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 the direction of flux, or the primarycomponent (the largest component for each magnet) may be axial orradial. The direction of rotation of machine 10 may be orthogonal to theorientation of flux circuits. Therefore, machine 10 is considered to bea transverse flux machine. It is noted that a normal vector to coilassemblies 120 mounted on the stator of machine 10 defines rotorrotation direction and the magnitude of rpm.

In the foregoing description, embodiments are described as a pluralityof individual parts, and this is solely for the sake of illustration.Accordingly, it is contemplated that some additional parts may be added,some parts may be changed or omitted, and the order of the parts may bere-arranged, without leaving the sense and understanding of theapparatus as claimed.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The several embodiments described make such machines desirable in avariety of applications including: propulsion motors for land and seavehicles, electric and hybrid electric vehicles, underwater vehicles,torpedoes, propulsion motors for electric helicopters and aircraft,elevator propulsion motors, tidal wave generators, wind generators,integrated starter/generators, diesel and natural gas gen-sets, and highfrequency low speed machines.

What is claimed is:
 1. A flux machine comprising: a stator and at leastone rotor, wherein the at least one rotor is capable of rotating arounda central axis in a rotary direction; plural coil assemblies arrangedaround a stator wherein each one of the coil assemblies has a formpositioned in a plane orthogonal to the rotary direction, and pluralmagnet sets each arranged circularly around at the least one rotor andpositioned so that a magnet of each magnet set comes within closeproximity to each of said coil assemblies; each said plural coilassemblies and each said plural magnet sets supported by at least oneaxle aligned with said central axis wherein rotary motion about said atleast one of said at least one axle is executed when electrical currentis present in said coil assemblies; characterized in that magnetic fluxof the plural magnet sets is directed orthogonal to said rotary motion;and further characterized in that like pole faces of pairs of saidmagnets of each of said sets of magnets are in mutually facingpositions.
 2. The flux machine of claim 1 wherein said magnet setscomprise between one and a plurality of magnets wherein said magnets areone of permanent magnets, electromagnets, and a combination of permanentmagnets and electromagnets.
 3. The flux machine of claim 2 wherein saidcoil assemblies have side edges and said magnets conform to said sideedges wherein gaps between said coil assemblies and magnets isminimized.
 4. The flux machine of claim 2 wherein said at least onerotor rotates about at least one axle or a plurality of mutually coaxialaxles.
 5. The flux machine of claim 4 wherein each one of said magnetsis supported by one of said coaxial axles.
 6. The flux machine of claim1 wherein magnetic flux of said magnets is directed in at least one ofaxially and radially.
 7. The flux machine of claim 1 wherein magneticflux of said plural magnet sets is directed in two opposite axialdirections and two opposite radial directions.
 8. The flux machine ofclaim 1 wherein said coil assemblies are rectangular or nearrectangular.
 9. The flux machine of claim 1 wherein said coil assembliesare oval in shape and the magnet sets are curvilinear in shape.
 10. Theflux machine of claim 1 wherein magnetic flux of said magnets isdirected perpendicularly to the current in the coil at the location ofeach magnet, consisting of axial flux and radial flux.
 11. The fluxmachine of claim 1 wherein each coil assembly on the stator issurrounded by three magnets on a first of at least one rotor and afourth magnet is positioned on a second of at least one rotor.
 12. Theflux machine of claim 1 wherein each coil assembly on the stator issurrounded by two magnets that direct flux in direction orthogonal toeach other on a first of the at least one rotor, a third magnet on asecond of the at least one rotor, and a fourth magnet on a third of theat least one rotor.
 13. The flux machine of claim 12, wherein the threerotors operator on axels that may rotate independently of each other.14. The flux machine of claim 13, wherein the at least one of the threerotors is capable of functioning as a generator simultaneously as atleast one of the three rotors is capable of functioning as a motor. 15.The flux machine of claim 1 wherein the electrical coils are withinchannels of permeable cores.
 16. A flux machine, having an axis ofrotation, said machine comprising and characterize by: a rotor havingplural electrical coils wherein each one of said electrical coils has acoil form positioned orthogonal to a direction of rotation of a rotorabout the axis of rotation; a stator having plural sets of magnets,wherein each magnet of each set of magnets is positioned to move intoadjacency with one side of each one of said electrical coils duringrotation of the stator; and wherein like pole faces of pairs of magnetsof each of said sets of magnets are in mutually facing positions. 17.The flux machine of claim 16 wherein said magnet sets comprise betweenone and a plurality of magnets wherein said magnets are one of permanentmagnets, electromagnets, and a combination of permanent magnets andelectromagnets.
 18. The flux machine of claim 17 wherein said coilassemblies have side edges and said magnets conform to said side edgeswherein gaps between said coil assemblies and magnets is minimized. 19.The flux machine of claim 16 wherein magnetic flux of said magnets isdirected axially and radially.
 20. The flux machine of claim 19 whereinsaid rotary motion is orthogonal to said magnetic flux.
 21. The fluxmachine of claim 16 wherein said coil assemblies are rectangular or nearrectangular.
 22. The flux machine of claim 16 wherein said coilassemblies are oval in shape and the magnet sets are curvilinear inshape.
 23. The flux machine of claim 16 wherein magnetic flux of saidmagnets is directed perpendicularly to the current in the coil at thelocation of each magnet, consisting of axial flux and radial flux. 24.The flux machine of claim 16 wherein each coil assembly on the rotor issurround by four magnets on the stator.
 25. The flux machine of claim 16wherein the electrical coils are within channels of permeable cores. 26.A method of operating a flux machine as a generator and a motorsimultaneously comprising and characterized by: at least one rotor andone stator, and plural coil assemblies distributed on at least onestator and plural magnet sets distributed on the at least one rotor,wherein said coil assemblies and magnet sets are arranged circularly andin mutual close proximity about a central axis, and wherein one of saidplural coil assemblies or said plural magnet sets is supported by atleast one axle aligned with said central axis wherein rotary motionabout said at least one axle is executed when electrical current ispresent in said coil assemblies, and wherein said coil assemblies andplural magnet sets are positioned relative to each other so that magnetflux from said plural magnet sets is directed orthogonal to said rotarymotion; driving a first rotor externally to induce a Faraday current inthe plural coil assemblies while a second rotor is simultaneously drivenby the current in the stator coils.
 27. The method of operating a fluxmachine of claim 26 including selecting magnets of said magnet sets asone of permanent magnets, electromagnets, and a combination of permanentmagnets and electromagnets.
 28. The method of operating a flux machineof claim 26 including placing said coil assemblies and said magnets tominimize gaps there between.
 29. The method of operating a flux machineof claim 26 including positioning said at least one axle as a pluralityof mutually coaxial axles.
 30. The method of operating a flux machine ofclaim 29 including supporting each one of said magnets by one of saidcoaxial axles.
 31. The method of operating a flux machine of claim 26wherein the frequencies at which the first and second rotors are drivingwith respect to each other is selected to influence the current flow inthe stator coils such that harmonic contributions are minimized.
 32. Themethod of operating a flux machine of claim 26 wherein the second rotoris driven at the same frequency as the first rotor.
 33. The method ofoperating a flux machine of claim 26 wherein said magnet flux from saidplural magnet sets is directed in at least one of axially and radiallydirections.
 34. The method of operating a flux machine of claim 26wherein said rotary motion is orthogonal to said magnetic flux.